Means for obtaining liquid at a desired temperature.



PATENTED 001. 4, 1904.

N0 MODEL.

use the same.

to correspond to a point of a graduated scale No. 771,512. Patented October 4, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARCO TREVES, OF TURIN, ITALY.

MEANS FOR OBTAINING LIQUID AT DESIRED TEMPERATUREL SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 771,512, dated October 4, 1904.

Application filed January 13,1904. Serial No. 188,889. lNo model.)

To all whom it y 007w??? sliding in its axial direction with Be it known that 1, MARco TREVES, doctor designed graduated scale. and surgeon, a subject of the King of Italy, Other improvements consist specially in the residing at 22 Via Giulio, in the city of Turin, adoption of heat-insulating blocks and airrovince of Turin, Italy, have invented cerpassages between the cold and warm branches, to the end of preventing transmission of heat from one to the other and from each of them to the mixing-chamber, and other improve- 'ments are designed to obtain a.working of the apparatus easier, more economical, and

a speciallyfor Obtaining Liquid at ture; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and obtainable with the old apparatus.

y invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents diagrammatically the construction of an apparatus in conformity with my invention, and Fig. 2 shows a detail.

is a container 'wh'erefrom the liquid passes to the pipe 1, or the pipe 1 may be connected to a larger canalization direct, and thence to the chamber B through a valve 0, controlled by a float b, so that which is rendered visible from the outside by a level-indicator 0, is maintained constant in the chamber B. From B start two branch pipes 2 and 3, the former of which leads directly to a cock (Z, controlled by a handle Z. The second pipe 3 leads to the bottom of a boiler D, which is represented as comprising a lower portion f, where the liquid occupies the narrow space between two spherical sur- My invention relates to apparatus for obtaining water or other liquids at any desired temperature between two predetermined or fixed degrees or limits, a pointer or index connected temperature is inscribed.

The general construction of the apparatus comprises a continuous supply of water or parts at a certain point into two branches, one of them passing through a boiler, where the liquid is brought to its boiling-point, and the other passing, if necessary, through a refrigerator. Then the two branches lead to a mixing-chamber through passages controlled simultaneously and inversely by hand and connected to an index or pointer sliding over a graduated scale, so that the respective proportions of the cold and warm liquid in the mixing-chamber depend upon the position of the pointer or index upon the scale, and the temperature of the liquid delivered from the mixing-chamber corresponds to the indication shown by the pointer or index upon the scale. I am aware that apparatus of said general {HOWD and have been constructed in several liquid, raising its temperature to the boiling-point. Above the portion f is a tubular chamber in which the liquid rises to the constant level of the chamber B. The burner may be an alcohol or benzene or a similar liquid burner; but I prefer usinga gasburner, as shown. In this case I apply to the top of the boiler D a gas-controller to control the admission of the gas to the burner E. Said gas-controller consists of a relatively wide chamber 1L, exposed to the vapors emanating from the boiler D. Chamber 7t communicates with a pipe c', having a branch pipe 722, and ending with an expansion-chamber 0, from which depart two other pipes 2 n, arranged as shown in the drawings. Pipe a comes from the gas-supply, and pipe 7) leads any general claim in this respect.

My invention has for its chief object some index capable of more exact and reliable than was heretoforethe level of the liquid,

to the burner. Having conveniently filled with mercury chamber 71 and pipe 91 and exactly regulated its level by plunging more or less in the same the stem of a screw on. in the branch pipe 772, so as to make said level nearly flush with the lower opening of pipe 72. in the expansion 0, the device is ready to control the admission of the gas to the burner E. When the vapors emanate from the boiler D in a very large quantity, the mercury in the chamber it expands and rises in the pipe t, obstructing the passage of the gas from the admissionpipe a to the delivery-pipe 19, leading to the burner E. Gas-controllers of this kind are, generally speaking, known, but not in combination with the other parts of the apparatus.

' I consider, however, as a part of my invention the connection between the pipe 7/, which is generally a glass pipe, and the chamber h, which is a metallic chamber. Said connection comprises a contracted portion a" of the pipe a, around which is a packing, preferably of asbestos, s, pressed downward by a screw-head t, engaged with a corresponding screwed pipe projecting from the upper wall of chamber 7t. Said connection is readily made and is quite safe and convenient.

The boiler D is open to the atmosphere. An exit-pipe 4 leads from a point of g a little lower than the liquid-level to a cock a, controlled by a handle I). Handles Z and c are connected through a connecting-rod m, the latter being connected in its central point to a lever 11 pivoted to a fixed point at F. The plugs of the cocks (Z and a are inversely connected to their respective handles 0 11, as shown at Fig. 2, so that by moving the lever 1 in one or the other directionthe passages through the cocks (Z and u are reciprocally opened or closed exactly in the same proportion. Through the passages in said cocks the liquid is respectively led from the pipes 2 and 4 to the pipes 5 and mixing-chamber F. Thence the liquid rises to a chamber G, where the bulb of a thermometer H is plunged, and from the same, through pipe 7, is led to the exit 8. Generally the liquid is utilized through a rubber cushion or similar object, which is applied for therapeutical purposes to the body or a sick member of the patient. In such cases the inletpipe of the cushion is connected to 8 and the exit-pipe is connected to q or, if asuction from the liquid is desired, to 9, so that the liquid falls in the recipient I, from which when it is of a costly nature such as, for instance, distilled water-it is returned to the reservoir A by means of a pump J.

The handle 3 whereby the cocks (Z and a are operated, carries an index or pointer 10, which can be made to slide longitudinally by means of a rack-and-pinion device by the rotation of abutton 12, so that the indicating end of the index is capable of a displacement corresponding to the full width of the diagram or gradu- 6 and through the latter to the ated scale L. Another ratchet-and-wheel device 13, connected to the handle 1 f] and the scale L, permits the operator to swing the handle y by rotating the button 14 to any angular position above the scale L, so that the apex of the pointer 10 can be made to coincide at will with any point of the graduated scale or tablet L.

The graduated scale or diagram or tablet L is obtained as hereinafter explained.

If we suppose to rotate the button I L so far as to carry the handle 1 to its extreme position to the left, we close entirely by so doing the admission to the warm water and open entirely the same to the cold water. The water coming out from 8 will have the temperature of the cold supply, a temperature which will be read on the thermometer H We will then inscribe upon the scale L at the point coincident with the index said temperature. now we rotate the handle y to the extreme opposite position, only the warm liquid will flow through the apparatus, so that the constant temperature of the boiler D will be read on the thermometer H, which temperature we will inscribe on the scale L in correspondence with the index 10. Now if we consider the line described by the index 10, which we suppose was not allowed to slide axially on the handle ;1 we see that the same is a portion of a circle having its center at F. By

dividing said portion of circle into as many parts as there are degrees between the extreme temperatures of the cold liquid and the boiling liquid we obtain such a graduated line that by bringing the pointer 10 to coincide with any of its gradutions we obtain from the exit 8 a flow of liquid at the temperature indicated by the graduation shown by the index. If nowwe suppose that the temperature of the water-supply be higher or lower, we can make a similar graduation above or below the graduation now obtained by displacing the pointer 10 radially a certain distance, so that new graduations will be added to the tablet L. Such operation can be repeated for all possible temperatures of the cold supply, and it is easily understood that the tabletswill have the appearance as shown in the drawings, where there appears a series of isothermal lines nearly parallel to each other, for the reason that all of them have approximately the inclination of the radius corresponding to the extreme position of the handle y to the right. Such radius is, in fact, the isothermal line corresponding to the boiling temperature of the liquid. It is obvious that it is not necessary in practice to construct the tablets in the manner above described for explaining the theory. In fact, when it is known the maximum angle of displacement of the handle y and the length of the axial displacement of the pointer the tablet can be easily made with the ordinary drafting means.

The apparatus is employed in the following manner: The first thing to do is to ascertain the temperature of the cold supply, which is done by carrying the handle 1/ to its extreme pointer reaches the line of the tablet marking the desired temperature. If lower temperatures are desired than that of the cold liquidsupply, then a refrigerator can be inserted between said supply and its deliverycockfor instance, from the cock 19 to the cook 20 after closing the intermediate cook 21. It is to be noted that as the boiling-point of the on any convenient barometer will be applied It being very important to control the pressure of the liquid in the apparatus, such pressure can be exactly controlled by operating the nut a of the float 5 in the chamber B, so that the level of the liquid both in the chamber B and in the boiler D can be brought to the exact required position An important detail of construction The arrangement by which sulation of the chamber F.

As a detail for thegood working of the apparatus it is to be noted that the exits q and q must be fixed and maintained to a preestablished level affect the pressure of the liquid in the pipes, and consequently its temperature.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is r I 1. In apparatus for drawing liquid at any. desired temperature, the combination With and pointer, the scale having a series of ISO? thermal lines and the position of the pointer being adjustable with respect to the scale to compensate for varying conditions of starting or the like.

2. In apparatus for drawing liquid at any desired mixing it with the unheated trolling and indicating device comprising a scale-plate and a pointer, the scale having a series of isothermal lines crossing obliquely the path of the pointerand the pointer being compensate for variations in of the liquid before heating. liquid at any a pair of branches 2 and 3, means for heating the part of the liquid passing through the branch 3 and mixing it in varying proportions with the unheated portion passing through the branch 2, and means for maintaining a constant pressure on the liquid in the two branches.

In apparatus for drawing liquid-at any desired temperature, the combination with a source of supply A, of a pair of branches 2 and 3, means for heating the part of the liquid passing through the branch 3 and mixing it in varying proportions with the unheated portion passing through the branch 2, means for automatically controlling the heat applied to the liquid in the branch 3, and means for maintaininga constant pressure on the liquid in the two branches.

portion, including pipes 2 and at for conducting the unheated and the heated liquid to the mixed, cocks in said heated liquid, V each cock for indicating the relative positions of the two cocks, and means for maintaining an equal pressure upon the heated and unheated portions. Y

6. In apparatus for drawing liquid at any desired temperature, the combination with means for heating a part of the liquid and mixing it with the unheated portion, of a device for indicating the temperature of the liquid drawn and comprising a scale-plate and a pointer, said pointer being movable trans-- versely over said plate to indicate variations in temperature and parts connected by a rack and pinion so as to permit an adjustment of the length of the pointer to bring its end over dilferent parts of the scale-plate.v

In apparatus for drawing desired temperature, the combination with means for heating a part of the liquid and mixing it with the unheated portion, of a depointer carried upon being composed of twoliquid at any viee for indicating the temperature of the In testimony whereofl aflixmy signature in liquid drawn and comprising a scale-plate and presence of two Witnesses. a pointer, the scale-plate having a series of MARCO TREVES raek-teeti and the pointer carrying a pinion 5 engaging said rack-teeth by means of which Witnesses:

the pointer may be moved across the seale- HUGO PIZZOTTI,

plate. MARIO OAPUOOIO. 

